Regina 鈥� While there are commercial labs of all sorts, sometimes you need a specialty lab to really delve into a new area. That鈥檚 a primary role of the Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC). Among its facilities are their labs at 6 Research Drive, in the Innovation Place research park at the University of Regina.
Kelly Knorr is the operations manager of the energy division with SRC. On April 13 he took Pipeline Newsthrough a tour of the facilities.
鈥淚n the Regina facility, we have three business units that operate. Two are enhanced oil recovery (EOR) units, and the third one is called process development. They deal mostly from the wellhead to the refinery,鈥� Knorr said. 鈥淭hey deal with surface facilities, and a little bit of pipelining.鈥�
Only three people work in the process development unit in Regina. The remainder work in Saskatoon, where SRC has another facility that does a lot of work with pipelines.
One of the EOR units looks at field development, the other looks at processes. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e kind of separated by the type of oil being produced,鈥� he said. 鈥淓OR process looks primarily at light and tight, through to the medium oil, and EOR field development looks at the medium oil through heavy oil, extra-heavy oil and oilsands.鈥�
The laboratory for process engineering might look at samples off the wellhead, looking at densities, viscosities, gas:oil ratios, chromatographs, etc. 鈥淭hey also look at emulsions and how to treat emulsions,鈥� he said.
At one point they built an emulsion treatment trailer that would go in the field to do testing. Demand for that sort of work shifted, however, and the trailer has recently been repurposed.
Knorr explained that industry shifted, and chemical companies started offering that sort of services, including it in their services to the operator, essentially free to the operator. SRC still does some third-party analysis. 鈥淲e can go ahead, on behalf of the operator, because we鈥檙e a fee-for-services organization, we can test all these products like the service companies did themselves. We can validate or refute these results. We operate as that third party independent testing.鈥�
The re-purposed trailer is not being used to test concepts for emulsion treatment that does not involve chemical additives, but rather chemical-physical processes. This would work by passing the emulsion through some sort of media. One such media tested includes the red rock used for landscaping front yards.
鈥淭his is a quasi-mechanical process, but it鈥檚 really a surface chemistry process,鈥� he said.
This concept was initially studied in the 1980s, and is now being revisited.
鈥淭here is some benefit to pre-treating the oil, but in many cases you could add a marginal amount of additional chemical and get the same treatment. So we haven鈥檛 got a whole lot of traction with industry. But this is the kind of testing this initiative does,鈥� Knorr said.
鈥淲henever you get into a downturn like this in industry, the first thing that goes away, really, is enhanced oil recovery, which has long windows of time 鈥� five to 10 years 鈥� before you get a lot of your money paid back. You start to focus on production optimization and cost reduction,鈥� Knorr said.
When oil companies start talking optimization, the first stage is often things that can be done in the field, like modifying pumping. Near-wellbore cleanup techniques is next, clearing out wax or asphtaltenes, for instance. Next is near-wellbore stimulations, out more than a metre or two. When it comes to radial flow converging around the well, small changes in the flow properties of the porous media, or the fluid itself, make a big difference in the overall pressure drop it takes to pull that fluid.聽
A solvent stimulation or hot oil stimulation are possibilities. But these things have been done and, in the case of hot oil, are standard practice.
鈥淲hen we talk about optimization, we say, rather than look at a long-term EOR-type of project, which most companies don鈥檛 want to look at right now, maybe we can move further out into this reservoir around the wellbore. So we鈥檙e out maybe five or 10 metres now? So we鈥檙e looking at that.鈥�
Numerical simulation, different chemistry, different injection and production scenarios are all possible research areas.
When it comes to tight formations, like the Bakken, he said, 鈥淢ulti-stage, massive fracs is a wellbore stimulation technique. You鈥檝e already got most of the stimulation you鈥檙e ever going to do in these wells. In those cases, there鈥檚 probably not a whole lot of production optimization we can help them with. Their biggest problem is they鈥檝e got fractures that will transmit the fluid, but the fluid isn鈥檛 in the fractures, it鈥檚 in the matrix. It needs to come out of a matrix that鈥檚 only got 0.01 milliDarcy permeability.
鈥淲hat they can do, though, is maybe pressure support, like inject water or gas.鈥�
The SRC hasn鈥檛 done any research on re-fracs, or doing a second hydraulic fracturing operation on a well several years after the initial frac.
Most research, he noted, is incremental. The industry, and the service companies in particular, come up with sea-change systems like the packers that allowed for multi-stage fracs. 鈥淭hat was a technology sea-change that allowed us to produce the Bakken in southeast Saskatchewan,鈥� Knorr said.
Production operations and optimizations are looked at in one of the labs. It鈥檚 populated with centrifuges and microscopes as just some of the tools used for analysis. Two microscopes are labelled 鈥淔red鈥� and 鈥淏arney.鈥� There鈥檚 also a chromatograph.
鈥淚f we have a particularly difficult emulsion that鈥檚 hard to break 鈥� we鈥檒l work on some chemicals. Usually it鈥檚 a combination of chemicals and heat in your treater that will break that emulsion,鈥� he said.
On production optimization, Knorr said, 鈥淲e don鈥檛 have any magic bullets. We don鈥檛 have any magic processes (where) that we look at a field facility and say you鈥檝e got to do A. B and C and you鈥檙e going to get this much more oil. These things are areas we鈥檙e more interested in now, because of the downturn, because the operators are more interested. The fact remains: the best way to reduce costs is to increase production, because your per unit costs goes down. A lot of the oilfield is fixed costs, where you鈥檙e amortized against whatever oil production you have. If you increase production, you鈥檒l reduce the per-barrel cost.鈥� 聽
Knorr said, 鈥淲e are essentially an EOR shop, and we have been for 30 years. Now we have to adjust our focus a little bit to meet the needs of industry. The industry needs now have shifted to production optimization and cost reduction. So we鈥檙e starting to look at that. You can apply a lot of the same engineering, physics, and subject matter expertise and skill sets of the researchers to apply to these problems, to a limited extent. So we have a number of different projects we鈥檝e started with a number of operators looking at specific things they want us to evaluate for them.鈥�
Thus, the two EOR groups are being pulled in the optimization area, because that鈥檚 where the demand is now.聽
